Valley of the Kings in Luxor – Royal Tombs, Map & History Guide
Deep in the desert hills on the west bank of Luxor, the Valley of the Kings stands as one of Egypt’s most mesmerizing archaeological sites — a royal burial ground that once protected the eternal resting places of New Kingdom pharaohs and nobles.
Known in ancient times as “The Great Field,” the Valley of the Kings Egypt is home to more than sixty magnificent tombs carved deep into the limestone cliffs. Each tells stories of the afterlife, mythology, and power of Egypt’s greatest rulers, from Tutankhamun to Ramses II. Today, it remains a living museum — blending mystery, art, and ancient engineering.
In this detailed guide, you’ll uncover everything about the Luxor Valley of the Kings — from its location and discovery to its famous tombs, map, and visitor tips — making it your ultimate companion for exploring Egypt’s royal necropolis.
Key Takeaways
- The Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt is the country’s most remarkable royal burial ground, featuring over 60 tombs of pharaohs from the 18th–20th dynasties.
- It lies on Luxor’s west bank near the Valley of the Queens and Deir el-Medina, forming part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ancient Thebes.
- Visitors can explore iconic tombs such as those of Tutankhamun (KV62), Seti I (KV17), and Ramses II, each adorned with vibrant wall paintings that illustrate the Book of the Dead and the pharaoh’s journey to eternity.
- Open daily from 6 AM – 5 PM; standard entry around EGP 750 (≈ $15 USD), with extra tickets required for special tombs.
Quick Facts about the Valley of the Kings
- Location: West Bank of Luxor, Egypt.
- Established: Used as a royal necropolis from around 1539 BCE (beginning of the 18th Dynasty).
- Number of Tombs: 65 known tombs (KV1 – KV65) belonging to pharaohs and nobles of the New Kingdom.
- Most Famous Tomb: Tutankhamun (KV62).
- Purpose: Burial site for New Kingdom pharaohs seeking eternal life beside the sun god Ra.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: Since 1979, part of Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis.
- Visiting Hours: 6 AM – 5 PM (subject to seasonal changes).
- Entry Ticket: EGP 750 for adults (≈ $15 USD) / EGP 375 for students (≈ $7.8 USD); additional fees apply for special tombs like KV62 and KV17.
What is the Valley of the Kings?
The Valley of the Kings is an extraordinary collection of underground tombs located on Luxor’s west bank. These tombs served as the final resting place for Egypt’s pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (1550–1070 BCE). Hidden within the limestone cliffs, each burial chamber was designed to secure the ruler’s journey to the afterlife and protect their treasures from tomb raiders.
The isolated location was intentionally chosen to prevent robbery, as the tombs were built deep in the desert valley, far from public view. Even today, archaeologists continue to make discoveries, revealing new chambers, artifacts, and wall inscriptions that shed light on the beliefs of ancient Egypt.
Location of the Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings lies in Theban Hills on Luxor’s western bank, roughly 600 km south of Cairo. It is near the Temple of Hatshepsut and opposite the modern city of Luxor across the Nile. The valley was carefully chosen for its secluded setting and its pyramid-shaped peak, al-Qurn, which the ancient Egyptians associated with the sun god Ra.
Map of the Valley of the Kings (KV Numbers & Layout)
The following Valley of the Kings map shows the division between the East and West Valleys, the main KV tomb numbers, entrances, ticket office, and shuttle routes. Nearby landmarks like the Temple of Hatshepsut and Deir el-Medina are also indicated for orientation.
Below is a quick overview of the most notable tombs shown on the map, along with their KV numbers and the pharaohs they belong to:
| KV Number | Pharaoh / Owner | Dynasty | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| KV62 | Tutankhamun | 18th Dynasty | Discovered intact in 1922 by Howard Carter; contains the famous golden mask. |
| KV17 | Seti I | 19th Dynasty | One of the longest and most beautifully decorated tombs with celestial ceilings. |
| KV7 | Ramses II | 19th Dynasty | Large multi-chambered tomb with vivid scenes from the Book of Gates. |
| KV8 | Merenptah | 19th Dynasty | Contains a massive granite sarcophagus and detailed religious reliefs. |
| KV35 | Amenhotep II | 18th Dynasty | Later reused as a royal cache, mummies of several pharaohs were found here. |
Visitors typically enter through the main ticket gate, located near the East Valley. A small electric shuttle takes you to the entrances of the open tombs. Maps and signage along the way make it easy to navigate this royal necropolis.
When was the Valley of the Kings discovered?
While local tombs had been known for centuries, global attention turned to the Valley of the Kings in the early 20th century. In 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter made the most famous discovery of all — the untouched tomb of Tutankhamun. His find unveiled dazzling treasures and renewed fascination with Egyptology worldwide.
Earlier excavations had already revealed other royal burials such as those of Seti I and Ramses I, but none as complete as Tutankhamun’s. Today, ongoing conservation work helps protect the delicate paintings and structures from humidity and human impact.
Why was the Valley of the Kings constructed?
Constructing tombs in the Valley of the Kings was the Egyptians’ sacred way of preparing for the afterlife. They believed in an eternal journey where the soul reunites with the body, so mummification and well-protected tombs were essential. Each chamber was filled with treasures, amulets, and scenes from sacred texts to guide the pharaoh through the underworld.
Why was the Valley of the Kings selected as a burial site?
The valley was chosen for both religious and practical reasons. Surrounded by rugged cliffs and hidden from plain sight, it offered natural protection against tomb robbers. The pyramid-shaped peak of al-Qurn symbolized rebirth and was believed to link directly to the sun god Ra, a divine guardian of the pharaohs in their eternal journey.
- The secluded mountains kept royal tombs safe from invaders and floods.
- The pyramid-like hill “Dehnet” represented the sacred form of the sun god.
- The wide valley allowed large funeral processions to pass easily.
- The limestone rocks were ideal for carving long, decorated tunnels.
Division of the Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings is naturally divided into two main branches by rugged cliffs and winding wadis. This division helped the ancient Egyptians plan royal tombs according to terrain, religious symbolism, and protection from floods.
- East Valley (Ta-set-aat): The larger and more visited section that includes most royal tombs, such as those of Tutankhamun (KV62), Ramses II (KV7), and Seti I (KV17). This area was the primary burial ground during the 18th–20th Dynasties.
- West Valley (Ta-int): Smaller, more secluded, and less excavated — containing the tomb of Amenhotep III (WV22) and several unfinished or minor tombs. It offered greater isolation and symbolic alignment with the setting sun and the god Ra.
Both valleys are overlooked by the pyramid-shaped peak of al-Qurn, a sacred natural landmark believed to embody the goddess Hathor and mark the gateway to the afterlife.
How many tombs are in the Valley of the Kings?
To date, archaeologists have identified over 60 tombs (numbered KV1–KV65). Each tomb varies in size and decoration, from small chambers to vast complexes stretching deep into the cliffs. The elaborate wall paintings and hieroglyphs depict the pharaohs’ passage through the afterlife, their union with Ra, and protection by deities such as Osiris and Anubis.
Architectural features of the tombs
The design of each tomb evolved across dynasties. Early tombs of the 18th Dynasty bent sharply at right angles, while later ones (19th–20th Dynasties) followed a straight axis. Entrances led to sloping corridors, ante-chambers, and richly painted burial halls containing sarcophagi and treasures for the pharaoh’s afterlife.
How were the royal tombs built?
The creation of each tomb was a monumental process that blended architecture, art, and devotion. Construction often began early in a pharaoh’s reign and could take decades to complete.
- Engineers and priests selected the tomb location based on divine signs and geology.
- Laborers carved tunnels deep into the rock using copper chisels and wooden mallets.
- Mirrors reflected sunlight into the passageways for illumination.
- Artists painted walls with scenes from the Book of the Dead and Amduat, symbolizing resurrection.
- Priests performed consecration rituals before sealing the tomb forever.
UNESCO World Heritage Status & Recent Discoveries
Since 1979, the Valley of the Kings has been officially listed as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis. This global recognition protects the valley’s priceless tombs, wall paintings, and artifacts under international conservation programs. The site is continuously monitored for temperature, humidity, and erosion to preserve its ancient art for future generations.
In recent years, archaeologists have made exciting discoveries within the valley and surrounding areas. Newly identified shafts, workshops, and small tombs — including the possible resting places of royal wives and high priests — continue to reshape our understanding of Egypt’s New Kingdom civilization.
Among the most remarkable recent findings are KV64 and KV65, discovered by Egyptian missions in the 21st century. These small tombs contained remains of royal individuals and burial equipment that shed light on lesser-known dynasties. Ongoing excavations hint that several undiscovered tombs may still lie hidden beneath Luxor’s desert sands.
Famous tombs in the Valley of the Kings
Tomb of King Tutankhamun
Discovered intact in 1922 by Howard Carter, this tomb remains the most celebrated archaeological find in history. Inside were over 5,000 artifacts including gold chariots, jewelry, statues, and the iconic death mask of the boy king.
Tomb of Horemheb
This beautifully decorated tomb belongs to the last ruler of Egypt’s 18th Dynasty. Its vivid paintings show Horemheb worshiping Anubis and Osiris, symbolizing purification and eternal protection in the afterlife.
Tomb of Ramses I
Although smaller in size, the Tomb of Ramses I is richly adorned with scenes of Horus and Ra-Horakhty guiding the king into the underworld. Its colors remain remarkably well preserved.
Tomb of King Seti I
One of the longest and most artistically exquisite tombs in the valley. Its ceilings feature astronomical scenes and constellations, while mythological creatures like serpents and lions guard the pharaoh’s spirit throughout eternity.
Can visitors explore the Valley of the Kings today?
Yes — visitors from around the world can explore the Valley of the Kings and step inside the tombs of Egypt’s great pharaohs. The site is managed by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, and several tombs are open on a rotating schedule to protect them from humidity and crowding.
Tickets can be purchased at the entrance or online, with optional add-ons for specific tombs like Tutankhamun (KV62) and Seti I (KV17). Photography inside the tombs is allowed with a special permit. The best time to visit is early morning to avoid heat and crowds.
Why Visit the Valley of the Kings?
Visiting the Valley of the Kings is one of the most unforgettable experiences on any Egypt itinerary. Walking through the ancient corridors of Luxor’s royal tombs lets you witness vibrant wall art, sacred hieroglyphs, and incredible engineering that have survived for over 3,000 years. It’s a highlight of all Luxor tours and a must-see stop for travelers interested in history, mystery, and the pharaohs’ journey to eternity. The best time to visit is from October to April, when the weather is mild and perfect for exploring Egypt’s ancient wonders.
Ticket Prices & Opening Hours
Below are the official ticket prices and opening hours for visiting the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, as announced by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Prices may vary slightly depending on currency rate and additional tomb access.
| Category | Ticket Price (EGP) | Approx. USD | Includes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult (Other Nationality) | EGP 750 | ≈ $15 USD | General entry to 3 open tombs |
| Student (Valid ID) | EGP 375 | ≈ $7.8 USD | Same access at half price |
Tickets for special tombs (such as Tutankhamun – KV62 or Seti I – KV17) require an additional fee, available at the main ticket office near the entrance.
Opening Hours
The Valley of the Kings is open daily, including weekends and public holidays. Opening hours vary by season:
- Summer Season: 06:00 am – 05:00 pm (last entry 05:00 pm)
- Winter Season: 06:00 am – 04:00 pm (last entry 04:00 pm)
- Ramadan Period: 06:00 am – 04:00 pm (last entry 04:00 pm)
It is recommended to visit early in the morning for cooler temperatures and fewer crowds. Photography inside tombs requires a separate photo permit, available at the ticket gate.
Conclusion
The Valley of the Kings remains one of Egypt’s most awe-inspiring landmarks — a silent city of the dead that continues to reveal new secrets of ancient civilization. Its tombs preserve art, architecture, and spirituality that have endured for more than three millennia.
Visiting this UNESCO World Heritage Site offers not only a glimpse into the pharaohs’ eternal world but also a deep appreciation of humanity’s earliest engineering brilliance. From the golden treasures of Tutankhamun to the intricate chambers of Seti I, each discovery echoes Egypt’s timeless grandeur.
Plan Your Visit to the Valley of the Kings
Make your trip to Luxor unforgettable by exploring the Valley of the Kings with expert Egyptologists. Combine your tour with nearby marvels like the Temple of Hatshepsut and the Colossi of Memnon for a complete ancient experience.
Discover our tailor-made Egypt Day Tours or enjoy a serene Nile River Cruise to see Egypt from a new perspective.
Contact us today via Egypt Tours Group to customize your Egypt itinerary — from royal tombs in Luxor to timeless cruises along the Nile River.
