Valley of the Kings in Luxor – Royal Tombs, Map & History Guide
Deep within the rugged desert hills on the west bank of Luxor, the majestic Valley of the Kings stands as one of Egypt’s most mesmerizing archaeological sites. This famous royal burial ground was specifically chosen to protect the eternal resting places of the mighty New Kingdom pharaohs and high-ranking nobles.
The Valley of the Kings Egypt is home to over sixty magnificent tombs, each meticulously carved deep into the desert’s limestone cliffs. These subterranean sanctuaries offer unparalleled insight into the ancient Egyptian concept of the afterlife, complex mythology, and the immense power of rulers, including iconic figures like Tutankhamun and Ramses II. Today, this necropolis remains a living museum, seamlessly blending historical mystery, stunning artistic achievement, and ancient engineering prowess.
In this detailed guide, you will uncover everything about the Luxor Valley of the Kings—from its strategic location and historic discovery to a comprehensive look at its most famous tombs, maps, and essential visitor tips. This resource is your ultimate companion for exploring Egypt’s premier royal necropolis.
Key Takeaways
- The Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt is the country’s most remarkable royal burial ground, featuring over 60 tombs, including burials of New Kingdom pharaohs, members of their families and other individuals.
- It lies on Luxor’s west bank near the Valley of the Queens and Deir el-Medina, forming part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ancient Thebes.
- Famous tombs include Tutankhamun (KV62), Seti I (KV17), and Ramses II (KV7). Historical importance does not mean that every tomb is open or included in general admission.
- Opening starts at 6 AM; check seasonal last-entry times before visiting. The listed foreign-adult ticket is EGP 750, with separate tickets for special tombs.
Quick Facts about the Valley of the Kings
- Location: West Bank of Luxor, Egypt.
- Established: Used as a royal necropolis during the New Kingdom; Thutmose I is the earliest king confirmed to have been buried here.
- Number of Tombs: Over 60 tombs, including royal and nonroyal burials; the valley also contains unfinished pits.
- Most Famous Tomb: Tutankhamun (KV62).
- Purpose: Burial site for New Kingdom pharaohs seeking eternal life beside the sun god Ra.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: Since 1979, part of Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis.
- Visiting Hours: Opens at 6 AM; last admission varies by season.
- Entry Ticket: EGP 750 for foreign adults / EGP 375 for eligible foreign students; additional fees apply for special tombs like KV62 and KV17.
What is the Valley of the Kings?
The Valley of the Kings is an extraordinary collection of underground tombs located on Luxor’s west bank. These tombs served as the final resting place for Egypt’s pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (1550–1070 BCE). Hidden within the limestone cliffs, each burial chamber was designed to secure the ruler’s journey to the afterlife and protect their treasures from tomb raiders.
The isolated location was intentionally chosen to prevent robbery, as the tombs were built deep in the desert valley, far from public view. Even today, archaeologists continue to make discoveries, revealing new chambers, artifacts, and wall inscriptions that shed light on the beliefs of ancient Egypt.
Location of the Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings lies in Theban Hills on Luxor’s western bank, south of Cairo. It is near the Temple of Hatshepsut and opposite the modern city of Luxor across the Nile. The valley was carefully chosen for its secluded setting and its pyramid-shaped peak, al-Qurn, associated with Hathor in her funerary role as Mistress of the West.
Map of the Valley of the Kings (KV Numbers & Layout)
The location map above places the Valley of the Kings near West Bank landmarks such as the Temple of Hatshepsut. The illustrated tomb map in the “How many tombs” section shows East Valley KV numbers. These are orientation aids, not current lists of open tombs or shuttle routes. For more detailed East and West Valley layouts, consult the Theban Mapping Project plan.
Below is a quick overview of notable tombs and their KV numbers. KV numbers identify tombs; they are not a visiting order or a guarantee of admission.
| KV Number | Pharaoh / Owner | Dynasty | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| KV62 | Tutankhamun | 18th Dynasty | Discovered largely intact in 1922 by Howard Carter; its golden mask is now in the Grand Egyptian Museum. |
| KV17 | Seti I | 19th Dynasty | One of the longest and most beautifully decorated tombs with celestial ceilings. |
| KV7 | Ramses II | 19th Dynasty | Large multi-chambered tomb with vivid scenes from the Book of Gates. |
| KV8 | Merenptah | 19th Dynasty | Contains a massive granite sarcophagus and detailed religious reliefs. |
| KV35 | Amenhotep II | 18th Dynasty | Later reused as a royal cache, mummies of several pharaohs were found here. |
Use the map to recognize tomb numbers, then follow current on-site signs and confirm which tombs your ticket covers. Check separate access arrangements before planning a West Valley visit.
When was the Valley of the Kings discovered?
While local tombs had been known for centuries, global attention turned to the Valley of the Kings in the early 20th century. In 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter made the most famous discovery of all — the largely intact tomb of Tutankhamun. His find unveiled dazzling treasures and renewed fascination with Egyptology worldwide.
Earlier excavations had already revealed other royal burials such as those of Seti I and Ramses I, but none as complete as Tutankhamun’s. Today, ongoing conservation work helps protect the delicate paintings and structures from humidity and human impact.
Why was the Valley of the Kings constructed?
Constructing tombs in the Valley of the Kings was the Egyptians’ sacred way of preparing for the afterlife. They believed in an eternal journey where the soul reunites with the body, so mummification and well-protected tombs were essential. Each chamber was filled with treasures, amulets, and scenes from sacred texts to guide the pharaoh through the underworld.
Why was the Valley of the Kings selected as a burial site?
The valley was chosen for both religious and practical reasons. Surrounded by rugged cliffs and hidden from plain sight, it offered natural protection against tomb robbers. The west bank also carried religious significance through the setting sun and the rebirth of the sun god Ra, while the pyramid-shaped peak of al-Qurn was associated with Hathor.
- The secluded terrain did not prevent later tomb robbery or flood damage.
- The limestone rocks were ideal for carving long, decorated tunnels.
Division of the Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings is naturally divided into two main branches by rugged cliffs and winding wadis. This division helped the ancient Egyptians plan royal tombs according to the terrain.
- East Valley: The larger and more visited section that includes most royal tombs, such as those of Tutankhamun (KV62), Ramses II (KV7), and Seti I (KV17). This area was the primary burial ground during the 18th–20th Dynasties.
- West Valley: Smaller, more secluded, and less excavated — containing the tomb of Amenhotep III (WV22) and several unfinished or minor tombs. It offered greater isolation and symbolic alignment with the setting sun and the god Ra.
Both valleys are overlooked by the pyramid-shaped peak of al-Qurn, a sacred natural landmark believed to embody the goddess Hathor and mark the gateway to the afterlife.
How many tombs are in the Valley of the Kings?
To date, archaeologists have identified over 60 tombs. Each tomb varies in size and decoration, from small chambers to vast complexes stretching deep into the cliffs. The elaborate wall paintings and hieroglyphs depict the pharaohs’ passage through the afterlife, their union with Ra, and protection by deities such as Osiris and Anubis.
Architectural features of the tombs
The design of each tomb evolved across dynasties. Early tombs of the 18th Dynasty bent sharply at right angles, while later ones (19th–20th Dynasties) followed a straight axis. Entrances led to sloping corridors, ante-chambers, and richly painted burial halls containing sarcophagi and treasures for the pharaoh’s afterlife.
How were the royal tombs built?
The creation of each tomb was a monumental process that blended architecture, art, and devotion. Construction often began early in a pharaoh’s reign and could take decades to complete.
- Tomb construction began with selecting a location in the valley’s rock.
- Laborers carved tunnels deep into the rock using copper chisels and wooden mallets.
- Records from the royal tomb workers document the use of lamps and torches for illumination.
- Artists painted walls with scenes from the Book of the Dead and Amduat, symbolizing resurrection.
- Priests performed consecration rituals before sealing the tomb forever.
UNESCO World Heritage Status & Recent Discoveries
Since 1979, the Valley of the Kings has been officially listed as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis. This global recognition protects the valley’s priceless tombs, wall paintings, and artifacts under international conservation programs. Conservation projects address risks to the tombs and their decoration, including humidity and visitor impact.
In recent years, archaeologists have made exciting discoveries within the valley and surrounding areas. Newly identified shafts, workshops, and small tombs — including the possible resting places of royal wives and high priests — continue to reshape our understanding of Egypt’s New Kingdom civilization.
In 2012, the University of Basel Kings’ Valley Project discovered the burial of Nehemesbastet, a singer of Amun from the 22nd Dynasty, in KV64. Her burial reused a tomb containing earlier 18th-Dynasty remains, showing that the valley’s history extends beyond royal burials.
Famous tombs in the Valley of the Kings
Tomb of King Tutankhamun
Discovered largely intact in 1922 by Howard Carter, this tomb remains the most celebrated archaeological find in history. Inside were over 5,000 artifacts including gold chariots, jewelry, statues, and the iconic death mask of the boy king.
Tomb of Horemheb
This beautifully decorated tomb belongs to the last ruler of Egypt’s 18th Dynasty. Its vivid paintings show Horemheb worshiping Anubis and Osiris, symbolizing purification and eternal protection in the afterlife.
Tomb of Ramses I
Although smaller in size, the Tomb of Ramses I is richly adorned with scenes of Horus and Ra-Horakhty guiding the king into the underworld. Its colors remain remarkably well preserved.
Tomb of King Seti I
One of the longest and most artistically exquisite tombs in the valley. Its ceilings feature astronomical scenes and constellations, while mythological creatures like serpents and lions guard the pharaoh’s spirit throughout eternity.
Can visitors explore the Valley of the Kings today?
Yes — visitors from around the world can explore the Valley of the Kings and step inside the tombs of Egypt’s great pharaohs. The site is managed by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, and the selection of accessible tombs can change; confirm current openings before visiting.
Tickets can be purchased at the entrance or online, with optional add-ons for specific tombs like Tutankhamun (KV62) and Seti I (KV17). The official portal lists mobile-phone photography as free; confirm current restrictions for other equipment and individual tombs. The best time to visit is early morning to avoid heat and crowds.
Why Visit the Valley of the Kings?
Visiting the Valley of the Kings is one of the most unforgettable experiences on any Egypt itinerary. Walking through the ancient corridors of Luxor’s royal tombs lets you witness vibrant wall art, sacred hieroglyphs, and incredible engineering that have survived for over 3,000 years. It’s a highlight of many Luxor tours and a must-see stop for travelers interested in history, mystery, and the pharaohs’ journey to eternity. The best time to visit is from October to April, when the weather is mild and perfect for exploring Egypt’s ancient wonders.
Ticket Prices & Opening Hours
Below are the official ticket prices and opening hours for visiting the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, as announced by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. These listed EGP prices apply to foreign visitors and should be rechecked before travel; special tombs cost extra.
| Category | Ticket Price (EGP) | Includes |
|---|---|---|
| Adult (Other Nationality) | EGP 750 | General admission; confirm the included tombs when purchasing |
| Foreign Student (Eligible ID) | EGP 375 | Student general admission; eligibility applies |
Tickets for special tombs (such as Tutankhamun – KV62 or Seti I – KV17) require an additional fee, available at the main ticket office near the entrance.
Opening Hours
Opening begins at 06:00. The official ticket portal lists last admission at 17:00 in summer and 16:00 in winter; the Ministry page lists daily hours of 06:00–17:00. Confirm the current schedule before travel, especially during Ramadan or holidays.
It is recommended to visit early in the morning for cooler temperatures and fewer crowds. The official portal lists mobile-phone photography as free; other equipment and special uses may have different rules. For multi-site pass eligibility and value, see our Cairo & Luxor Pass guide.
Conclusion
The Valley of the Kings remains one of Egypt’s most awe-inspiring landmarks — a silent city of the dead that continues to reveal new secrets of ancient civilization. Its tombs preserve art, architecture, and spirituality that have endured for more than three millennia.
Visiting this UNESCO World Heritage Site offers not only a glimpse into the pharaohs’ eternal world but also a deep appreciation of humanity’s earliest engineering brilliance. From the golden treasures of Tutankhamun to the intricate chambers of Seti I, each discovery echoes Egypt’s timeless grandeur.
Plan Your Visit to the Valley of the Kings
Make your trip to Luxor unforgettable by exploring the Valley of the Kings with expert Egyptologists. Combine your tour with nearby marvels like the Temple of Hatshepsut and the Colossi of Memnon for a complete ancient experience.
Discover our tailor-made Egypt Day Tours or enjoy a serene Nile River Cruise to see Egypt from a new perspective.
Contact us today via Egypt Tours Group to customize your Egypt itinerary — from royal tombs in Luxor to timeless cruises along the Nile River.
