Alexandria Egypt – History, Attractions & Top Things to Do

Alexandria, Egypt, famously called “The Bride of the Mediterranean,” stands out as one of Egypt’s most enchanting destinations, where the deep blue waters meet centuries of remarkable history. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE, this coastal jewel perfectly combines Hellenistic heritage, Roman legacy, and modern Egyptian charm, offering visitors an unforgettable journey through time.

Located along the Mediterranean Sea, Alexandria is Egypt’s second-largest city after Cairo, acting as a cultural and historical gateway connecting Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Travelers flock here to experience iconic landmarks — from the ancient library and the majestic Qaitbay Citadel to the legendary Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Beyond its historic sites, Alexandria is a lively and inviting city, featuring charming cafés, bustling local markets, vintage trams, and the warm hospitality of its residents. Whether you are planning a short visit or adding it to your Egypt Tour Package, Alexandria offers a unique blend of history, coastal beauty, and vibrant urban life that leaves a lasting impression.

Geography & Climate of Alexandria Egypt

Stretching over 32 kilometers along Egypt’s northern coastline, Alexandria borders the sparkling Mediterranean Sea and offers a unique mix of natural and urban landscapes. Visitors can enjoy sandy beaches, scenic promenades, and serene lagoons — most notably Lake Mariout — which play an essential role in supporting the local fishing communities. The city’s low elevation and constant coastal breezes create a refreshing environment that enhances every visit.

Alexandria enjoys a Mediterranean mild climate, with warm, comfortable summers and cool, breezy winters. Average temperatures range from 10°C (50°F) in January to 30°C (86°F) in August. Unlike many cities in Egypt, Alexandria is rarely affected by harsh desert heat, thanks to the gentle northern winds known locally as “El Bahary,” making it an ideal destination for year-round travel and outdoor activities.

Below is a quick look at Alexandria’s seasonal averages:

How to Get to Alexandria from Cairo

Reaching Alexandria Egypt, is easy and scenic, with multiple transportation options connecting it to Cairo and other Egyptian destinations:

• By Train: The most popular option — frequent trains depart from Ramses Station in Cairo to Alexandria’s Misr Station, taking about 2.5 to 3 hours. Choose between First Class (air-conditioned) or VIP Express services.
• By Private Car or Tour: A 220 km drive via the Desert Road or the Agricultural Road takes roughly 2.5 hours.
• By Bus: GoBus and Super Jet companies run comfortable air-conditioned buses every hour from central Cairo.
• By Air: Alexandria’s Borg El Arab International Airport (HBE) serves domestic and limited international flights.

Alexandria’s Culture & Local Life

Alexandria Egypt, is often described as “a city of stories.” Its cultural identity has been shaped by centuries of Greek, Roman, Coptic, and Islamic influences, creating a cosmopolitan atmosphere unlike anywhere else in Egypt. The locals, known for their humor and hospitality, speak with a soft coastal accent that reflects their laid-back lifestyle.

Walk through El Attarin Market to smell spices and antiques, visit Fouad Street for vintage architecture, or relax at seaside cafés like Delices or Trianon — both landmarks of Alexandrian life. Evening strolls along the Corniche reveal musicians, families, and fishermen gathering by the sea.

The city’s art scene thrives through Alexandria Opera House (Sayyed Darwish Theatre), local galleries, and literary festivals celebrating the city’s historical role as a beacon of knowledge — the same spirit that once filled the Ancient Library of Alexandria.

Quick Facts about Alexandria

History of Alexandria City Egypt

Founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great, Alexandria quickly became a beacon of culture, science, and trade. It was envisioned as the bridge between Greece and Egypt — a city that would fuse ancient Egyptian civilization with the brilliance of Hellenistic knowledge. Under the Ptolemaic dynasty, the city flourished as a capital of learning, attracting philosophers, astronomers, and mathematicians from across the ancient world.

At the heart of Alexandria’s ancient glory stood the Great Library of Alexandria, the largest and most significant library of the ancient world. Housing hundreds of thousands of scrolls, it became an international center of knowledge and learning. Complementing it was the Museum of Alexandria (Mouseion), where renowned scholars such as Euclid and Archimedes advanced the fields of mathematics, geometry, and engineering, leaving a lasting impact on human knowledge.

During the Roman and Byzantine periods, Alexandria, Egypt, continued to thrive as a major Mediterranean port and intellectual hub. Over time, however, fires, invasions, and natural disasters caused the gradual decline of the Great Library of Alexandria, resulting in the loss of countless invaluable manuscripts. Yet, the city’s historical and cultural legacy endured, shaping art, philosophy, and religion for generations to come.

Alexandria’s Role in Modern Egypt

Today, Alexandria stands as one of Egypt’s most vital urban centers, thriving both economically and culturally. Its bustling harbor remains the nation’s primary seaport, linking Egypt with Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Modern Alexandria skillfully blends heritage with progress, featuring prestigious universities, vibrant art festivals, and the iconic revival of the Great Library in the form of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina.

The city’s architectural landscape reflects its rich history — from Greco-Roman ruins to Islamic mosques and elegant French colonial mansions. Strolling through Alexandria, Egypt, feels like traveling through time, with every street and corner narrating stories of ancient empires, renowned scholars, and the timeless sea breeze that has shaped the city for centuries.

Top Tourist Attractions in Alexandria, Egypt

From ancient monuments to the charm of the Mediterranean, Alexandria City offers visitors an unforgettable blend of history, architecture, and sea views. Here are the most famous things to see in Alexandria, Egypt — each reflecting a unique chapter of the city’s story.

📚 The Bibliotheca Alexandrina

A modern tribute to the legendary Great Library of Alexandria, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina stands as a symbol of global knowledge and cultural exchange. Opened in 2002, this architectural masterpiece overlooks the Mediterranean Sea and holds over eight million books, museums, galleries, and a planetarium. Its circular granite façade is engraved with scripts from over 120 languages — celebrating humanity’s thirst for learning.

🏰 Qaitbay Citadel

The Qaitbay Citadel proudly guards the eastern harbor of Alexandria. Built in the 15th century by Sultan Qaitbay, this mighty fortress stands on the site where the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria once rose — one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Explore its stone towers, sea-facing battlements, and museum exhibits narrating Alexandria’s naval history and defense legacy.

🕳️ Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa

The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa form one of Egypt’s most mysterious underground landmarks. Dating back to the 2nd century AD, this multi-level necropolis blends Pharaonic, Greek, and Roman art in fascinating harmony. Descend the spiral staircase to find ancient tombs, carved reliefs, and statues — a true showcase of Alexandria’s multicultural spirit.

🗿 Pompey’s Pillar & the Serapeum

Towering 27 meters high, Pompey’s Pillar is one of the few surviving monuments from Roman Alexandria. Carved from a single block of Aswan granite, it was erected in 297 AD to honor Emperor Diocletian. Nearby stands the site of the Serapeum Temple — once dedicated to the Greco-Egyptian god Serapis, where scholars gathered in ancient times.

If you’re planning a visit, the Egypt Itinerary 7 Days: Cairo, Luxor & Alexandria includes Pompey’s Pillar in its guided route — ideal for exploring this ancient wonder.

🏛️ Montaza Palace & Gardens

Situated on Montaza Bay, the Montaza Palace is one of Alexandria’s most picturesque royal complexes. Built by Khedive Abbas II in the 19th century, it served as the summer residence of Egypt’s royal family. Within the grounds stand the Al-Haramlik and Salamlek Palaces, surrounded by lush gardens and overlooking the Mediterranean horizon.

Today, visitors can enjoy open gardens, tranquil beaches, and photogenic views — a peaceful escape from the city’s bustle.

🌉 Stanley Bridge

Spanning Alexandria’s Eastern Harbor, Stanley Bridge is one of the city’s modern icons. Opened in 2001, it beautifully combines contemporary engineering with classic design, offering panoramic views of the Corniche and the Mediterranean Sea. It’s a favorite spot for evening strolls, photography, and enjoying the coastal lights that make Alexandria truly the “Bride of the Mediterranean.”

🔦 The Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos)

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, or Pharos of Alexandria, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Built during the reign of Ptolemy II in the 3rd century BCE on the island of Pharos, it stood over 120 meters tall and guided sailors safely into Alexandria’s bustling harbor for more than 1,600 years.

The lighthouse featured three tiers — a square base, an octagonal middle, and a circular tower topped with a bronze statue. Though destroyed by earthquakes between the 10th and 14th centuries, its stones were later reused to build the Qaitbay Citadel that stands on the same site today.

Even in ruins, the Pharos remains a symbol of innovation and enlightenment — its very name gave rise to the word “pharos,” meaning lighthouse in many modern languages.

Together, these attractions weave a story of knowledge, power, and timeless beauty. Whether you’re drawn to ancient libraries, royal palaces, or coastal serenity, Alexandria Egypt invites you to explore its layered history and Mediterranean soul.

Things to Do in Alexandria, Egypt

Beyond its world-famous landmarks, Alexandria City offers endless opportunities to relax, explore, and experience authentic Egyptian coastal life. Whether you’re into culture, beaches, food, or photography, here are the best things to do in Alexandria that will make your visit unforgettable.

🚶‍♂️ Walk Along the Alexandria Corniche

Stretching for miles along the Mediterranean, the Alexandria Corniche is the city’s most iconic waterfront promenade. From Montaza to Qaitbay Citadel, you’ll find cafés, seafood restaurants, and scenic viewpoints at every turn. Locals and travelers come here to sip coffee, watch the sunset, and enjoy the cool sea breeze — it’s the heartbeat of the city, day and night.

🏖️ Relax at Alexandria Beaches

Alexandria in Egypt is blessed with beautiful beaches along Egypt’s north coast. Popular spots include Stanley Beach, Maamoura Beach, and Mamoura Beach West — offering golden sand, calm waters, and a lively atmosphere. Whether you’re sunbathing, swimming, or enjoying beach cafés, these spots are perfect for unwinding from the city buzz.

💎 Visit the Royal Jewelry Museum

Housed in the lavish former palace of Princess Fatma Al-Zahra, the Royal Jewelry Museum showcases glittering crowns, necklaces, and jeweled pieces from Egypt’s Mohamed Ali Dynasty. Its marble staircases, crystal chandeliers, and frescoed ceilings make the interiors as dazzling as the collection.

🏺 Explore More of Alexandria’s Museums

Alongside the Royal Jewelry Museum, the Alexandria National Museum takes you through the city’s layered history — from Pharaonic artefacts to Greco-Roman and Islamic periods, plus finds recovered from the ancient harbor.

🚋 Ride the Vintage Tram

Alexandria’s yellow vintage tram, operating since 1863, offers a nostalgic ride through seaside districts and European-era boulevards — a charming way to watch daily life roll by.

🍽️ Taste Alexandria’s Delicious Cuisine

Don’t miss Alexandria’s seafood and traditional Egyptian dishes. For seafood with sea views, try Fish Market or Hosny. For classics, order Koshari, Molokhia, and Mahshi — comfort flavors locals love. For dessert and coffee, iconic cafés like Delices and Trianon have welcomed guests since the early 1900s.

Is Alexandria City Safe to Visit?

Alexandria Egypt is generally a safe and welcoming destination for tourists. The city enjoys a relaxed coastal atmosphere and friendly locals. However, as with any major destination, following a few common-sense safety tips ensures a pleasant experience.

• Personal Belongings: Keep an eye on your bags and cameras in busy areas such as markets or Corniche cafés. Consider using a cross-body bag or money belt.
• Transportation: Use registered taxis or ride-sharing apps. Avoid unmarked vehicles and agree on the fare before starting the ride.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Dress modestly when visiting mosques and religious sites, especially for women. Respect local traditions and photography rules.
• Health & Hygiene: Drink bottled water, wash hands frequently, and eat at reputable restaurants to avoid food-related issues.

Best Hotels in Alexandria, Egypt

Whether you’re seeking luxury or relaxation, Alexandria City Egypt offers a wide range of accommodations overlooking the Mediterranean. Here are some of the best-rated hotels for every traveler.

🌅 Four Seasons Hotel Alexandria at San Stefano

Located in the elegant San Stefano district, the Four Seasons Hotel is the epitome of luxury in Alexandria. It features panoramic sea views, spacious rooms, a private beach, and multiple fine-dining restaurants.

🏖️ Hilton Alexandria Corniche

Overlooking the waterfront promenade, the Hilton Alexandria Corniche combines comfort with breathtaking views. Guests can enjoy a rooftop pool, spa facilities, and easy access to major attractions.

🌊 Mediterranean Azur Hotel

Nestled in the Montaza district, the Mediterranean Azur Hotel features a private sandy beach, crystal-clear waters, and relaxing gardens — ideal for couples and families.

🌴 Paradise Inn Beach Resort

Located in Sidi Kreer, the Paradise Inn Beach Resort offers a peaceful escape from the city center, with lush gardens, pools, and a private beach for ultimate relaxation.

Cities Named Alexandria Around the World

While Alexandria in Egypt is the most famous, there are over 30 other cities worldwide sharing the name — a legacy of Alexander the Great. These cities span across continents, highlighting the enduring influence of ancient Greek civilization.

• United States: 12 cities named Alexandria, including in Virginia, Louisiana, and Minnesota.
• Romania: Three towns reflecting Alexander’s European legacy.
• South Africa: Three towns named Alexandria across the country.
• Jamaica: Several parishes and towns carrying the name.
• Canada: Two small towns in Ontario and British Columbia.
• Brazil: Two towns named Alexandria in different states.
• Greece: The city of Alexandreia — directly linked to its ancient founder.
• United Kingdom: A town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
• Australia: Alexandria Bay in New South Wales, continuing the global tradition.

🌍 Global Map of Cities Named Alexandria

Discover the global legacy of Alexander the Great with this interactive map highlighting cities named Alexandria across the world — from Egypt to Europe, the Americas, and beyond.

Interactive map showing the worldwide cities named Alexandria — inspired by Alexander the Great’s conquests and enduring legacy.

Discover Alexandria with Our Top-Rated Egypt Tours

Visiting Alexandria Egypt is a must for anyone exploring Egypt’s rich history and Mediterranean charm. From the Bibliotheca Alexandrina and Qaitbay Citadel to the serene beaches and royal palaces, the city blends timeless heritage with coastal relaxation.

Plan your Alexandria trip with our curated Egypt Tour Packages or Day Trips for guided experiences covering the best landmarks, transport, and local insights.